Avicenna, as he is known in the West, was a famous Persian Muslim physician and influential philosopher-scientist of the medieval Islamic world. He wrote and compiled the Canon of Medicine text, a book which was adopted as the main text of medicine at the most Persian and Western universities. The book consists of basic medical sciences, applied clinical sciences and pharmacology. In the current study, we present an analysis of the anatomy of the musculoskeletal and peripheral nervous systems as viewed by Avicenna in the Canon of Medicine, and compare them with the relevant modern literature.; Avicena, perzijski muslimanski liječnik koji je na Zapadu poznat pod tim imenom, bio je utjecajan filozof-znanstvenik srednjovjekovnoga islamskog svijeta. Napisao je i sastavio tekst Kanon medicine, knjigu koja je na većini perzijskih i zapadnih sveučilišta prihvaćena kao udžbenik medicine. Knjiga sadrži osnovne medicinske znanosti, primijenjene kliničke znanosti i farmakologiju. U ovom istraživanju predstavljamo analizu anatomije mišićno koštanog i perifernoga živčanog sustava, kako ju je Avicena predstavio u Kanonu medicine i uspoređujemo ju s modernom literaturom.