Bureaucracy and public management reforms : evidence from Pakistan / Imran Ullah Khan, Shahzad Hussain.
Bureaucracy and public management reforms : evidence from Pakistan / Imran Ullah Khan, Shahzad Hussain.
Sažetak

The paper examines administrative performance and public management reforms in Pakistan. The study is based on the expert opinion of the civil servants gathered via 27 semi-structured interviews. Pakistan has inherited the administrative structure from the British colonial raj. Although there have been numerous reforms aimed at improving administrative performance, none of them have been implemented adequately. The changes pursued in the first two decades were related to enhancing the administrative performance by creating an adequate structure of administrative posts and ensuring a fair remuneration system. The first full reform package was presented in the 1970s with steps to improve the civil service performance and nationalization of significant banks and industries. The New Public Management (NPM) inspired the Pakistani government to adopt the policies of managerialism and privatization during the 1990s. The government intended to remove the status quo and privatize the public sector industries. This reform was successful only with regard to the privatization of some sectors and banks. The remaining reform programme failed mostly because of political instability, weak political will, political interference with the reform process, etc. The semi-structured interviews conducted with Pakistani civil servants tackled the public administration problems and their possible solutions. The respondents suggested that an indigenous public management model should be created. They indicated that the government should firmly support the implementation of reform measures. Civil servants should get salaries according to their expertise. There must be a well-defined and up to date performance and evaluation system able to ensure performance-based promotions, rewards, and punishments.; Analiziraju se učinkovitost javne uprave i upravne reforme u Pakistanu. Rad se temelji na analizi stručnih mišljenja skupljenih kroz 27 polustrukturiranih intervjua s državnim službenicima. Pakistan je naslijedio upravnu strukturu iz doba britanske kolonijalne vladavine. Usprkos pokušajima, ni jedna upravna reforma nije provedena na adekvatan način. Reforme tijekom prva dva desetljeća samostalnosti bile su usmjerene na poboljšanje upravne uspješnosti stvaranjem prikladne strukture radnih mjesta i osiguranja dobrog sustava nagrađivanja službenika. Prva sveobuhvatna reforma predstavljena je 1970-ih s ciljem poboljšanja upravnog djelovanja i nacionalizacije važnih banaka i industrija. Novi javni menadžment je potaknuo pakistansku vladu da se 1990-ih okrene menadžerskom pristupu i privatizaciji. Namjeravalo se prekinuti status quo i privatizirati dijelove javnog sektora. Ova je reforma bila djelomično uspješna jer je dovela do privatizacije samo nekih sektora i banaka. Ostatak reforme propao je zbog političke nestabilnosti, nedostatka političke volje i miješanja politike u reformski proces. Polustrukturirani intervjui su se odnosili na probleme u pakistanskoj javnoj upravi i moguća rješenja za njih. Ključnom se smatra potreba razvoja izvornog pakistanskog modela reforme javne uprave i osiguranja vladine podrške provođenju reformi. Državni službenici trebaju biti plaćeni prema svojoj stručnosti. Potreban je dobro razrađen i moderan sustav praćenja i vrednovanja uspješnosti koji može osigurati napredovanje, nagrađivanje i kažnjavanje službenika prema njihovoj uspješnosti.