Specijalna teorija relativnosti u kemiji / Nenad Raos.
Sažetak

Primjena specijalne teorije relativnosti u kemiji nije česta; potreba za njom javlja se tek pri proračunu svojstava teških atoma, u kojima se elektroni gibaju relativističkim brzinama. U članku su dati primjeri objašnjenja osebujne boje zlata, niskog tališta žive, boje bizmutovih i olovnih spojeva, utjecaja relativističke korekcije na proračun oblika klastera zlata, duljine veza u spojevima 11. skupine i lantanoida te napona olovnog akumulatora i baterije Zn/HgO. Usto su prikazane osnove specijalne teorije relativnosti i kvantne kemije.; Application of Einsteinʹs special theory of relativity in chemistry seems to be superfluous; energies are too low. The average velocity of electron in hydrogen atom (1s1) is 1/135 c, making its actual mass only 26,6 ppm larger than the rest of the mass. However, for heavier elements (about Z > 60), relativistic effects have to be taken into account and, more than that, many phenomena cannot be explained without ascribing a new mass to electrons, in accordance with Einsteinʹs theory. In this paper, such phenomena are described: colour of metallic gold and Bi and Pb compounds, low melting point of mercury, contraction of Ln-X bond of lanthanoide trihalides, voltage of lead-acid and Zn/HgO battery, and the shape of gold clusters. In addition, essentials of Einsteinʹs theory and quantum chemistry are presented, as well as the problems concerning the validity of Lavoisierʹs law.